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1. Can you explain how Java handles memory management, specifically with regard to the heap, stack, and garbage collection?
2. Can you describe the concept of dependency injection in Spring Boot and how it helps in building loosely coupled applications?
3. Explain the difference between HashMap and ConcurrentHashMap. When would you choose one over the other in a multi-threaded environment?
4. In Spring Boot, how does the @RestController annotation work? What is the difference between @RestController and @Controller?
5. What is a Bean in Spring, and how does Spring manage the lifecycle of a Bean?
6. Can you explain Dependency Injection (DI) in Spring and its benefits?
7. In a multi-threaded application, how would you design a thread-safe Singleton in Java? Provide an example.
8. How would you design a system to handle 10,000 requests per second in a Spring Boot application? What components and strategies would you use?
9. How would you implement inter-service communication in a microservices architecture? What protocols and tools would you use?
10. Can you explain the concept of event sourcing in a microservices-based system and why it might be beneficial?
11. What is the Circuit Breaker pattern in microservices, and how does it help ensure system reliability?
12. Can you explain the concept of API Gateway in a microservices architecture and its key benefits?
13. Can you explain CQRS (Command Query Responsibility Segregation) and how it improves the performance and scalability of a system?
14. What is Domain-Driven Design (DDD) and how does it help in building maintainable and scalable systems?
15. Can you explain the concept of Event Sourcing and how it is used in conjunction with CQRS?
16. What is Dependency Injection in Spring, and how does it improve the maintainability and testability of an application?
17. How does the Spring AOP (Aspect-Oriented Programming) work? Can you give an example where it can be useful in a Spring application?

Also Read for more Spring Boot Concepts : Spring Boot Questions for freshers

18. Explain Spring Boot’s autoconfiguration mechanism and how it simplifies application setup.
19. How does Spring Security handle authentication and authorization in a Spring Boot application? Can you explain the difference between the two?
20. Explain how Spring Boot handles application properties. How do you configure different environments (e.g., dev, test, prod) in Spring Boot?
21. What are Java Generics? Can you explain how they improve type safety and provide an example of using generics in a method or class?
22. Can you explain what Java Streams are and how they are used to process collections of data in a functional programming style?
23. Can you explain how Spring Boot handles exceptions and how you can handle custom exceptions in a Spring Boot application?
24. Can you explain the difference between synchronized block and ReentrantLock in Java, and when would you use one over the other?
25. Can you explain the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList, and when you would use one over the other?